Glue and EMR (Elastic MapReduce) are two AWS services that offer overlapping capabilities. So, when should you use one versus the other. In this article, we will provide an overview of the features and capabilities of both and provide some guidance to help inform your choice.
While both of these services provide ETL (Extract Transform Load) capabilities, there are some fundamental differences in the way that the services operate. Let’s start with an overview of some of the features of each.
AWS Glue is a pay per use service. It is serverless and requires very little infrastructure set up. It automates much of the effort involved in writing, executing and monitoring ETL jobs. A UI is provided for job scheduling and monitoring. If your data is structured you can take advantage of Crawlers which can infer the schema, identify file formats and populate metadata in Glue’s Data Catalogue. Based on your specified ETL criteria, Glue can even generate Python or Scala code automatically.
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In comparison, EMR is a platform that is designed to provide a high level of flexibility in how you process and analyse huge amounts of data. It is a managed service where you configure your own cluster of EC2 instances. You have complete control over the configuration and can install Apache Hadoop components. This makes EMR an incredibly powerful and flexible tool but the tradeoff is that it is a great deal more complex to set up, configure and manage than Glue. It covers a broad range of use cases and can be used to run machine learning jobs that leverage the EMR TensorFlow library. SQL queries can be executed on EMR Presto. EMR’s can even integrate with streaming applications such as AWS Kinesis.
So, EMR can do everything that Glue can do and then some. However, the initial effort investment in setup will be considerably more with EMR. Cost is another consideration. The development cost of setting up you data pipelines with EMR will be greater than with Glue, although the ongoing operation cost may be lower if your pipelines run frequently or continuously. Glue is generally more expensive than EMR on a cost per minute basis but if your pipelines run less frequently the total costs of a pay per use service may be more economical. This AWS blog post provides some data on how one high usage customer achieved a significant cost reduction by migrating from Glue to EMR.
Even the largest, G2.X provides a maximum of 32GB of executor memory. While this is unlikely to be a barrier for the majority of use cases, it should be born in mind. For example, unzipping very large zip files can lead to out of memory failures. While one would argue that this is a failure of zip file algorithms and there are usually better alternatives, we are often not in control of our big data sources. When we exhaust the memory of a Spark Executor, the job will simply fail. EMR, while not solving the fundamental problem, at least makes the full range of AWS instance types available.
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As a mental map, you can think of EMR as “Hadoop with ecosystems (including spark)”, and Glue as only “Spark ETL with a Hive metastore”. So, EMR will provide direct access to your low level Hadoop environments and greater flexibility in using tools beyond Spark.
We would only recommend you reach for EMR if the complexity of your requirement exceeds what Glue can offer or when intensive or high-frequency jobs create an economic argument for cost reduction efforts. It should be noted that EMR sends its logs to S3 by default. Although it is possible to install the CloudWatch agent via EMR’s bootstrap configuration, it is not the straightforward logging and monitoring experience that you get with Glue.
If you are getting started with Data pipelines and ETL jobs for the first time, go with Glue. It’s an easier entry into the large data processing world. Then, as long as your workloads remain relatively low and/or frequency is not extremely high, stick with Glue. You would need extremely high loads before the operational cost reduction of EMR would outweigh the development deployment cost efficiencies of Glue. Of course, there is also the possibility that your choice will be dictated by use cases that require some of the more advanced capabilities of EMR that Glue simply doesn’t cover.
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In the longer run, you may find yourself using both tools, Glue for certain ad-hoc tasks that you want to stand up quickly and EMR for larger production runs. They might even co-exist. For example, Glue can act as the ETL framework to source and transform data, storing it to S3 and maintaining table definitions of those data sets in Glue Catalog. EMR can then consume those data sets from S3 using EMRFS and Glue Catalog.Electronic medical records, or EMRs, are one of the most significant and innovative applications of information technology to date. Its prevalence radically altered the medical community and created the field of health informatics. Not only has EMR had a significant impact in the medical world, it has also made an impact on the U.S. economy as well.
EMR-certified IT professionals are needed as healthcare providers work to comply with federal mandates that require them to demonstrate the meaningful use of electronic medical or health records. Those who don’t comply will be financially penalized when it comes to being reimbursed by Medicare and Medicaid. The penalty in 2018 was a 4% reduction in reimbursements.
While the healthcare industry was initially slow to embrace electronic medical records in the past, the current demand for EMR-certified professions is unlikely to lag any time in the near future. Employment prospects are strong for professionals with knowledge of both healthcare and information technology.
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EMR certification is a requirement for a number of positions in the field of health informatics, the specialized discipline that applies modern technology and research methods to the healthcare industry. Electronic medical records contain provider-specific patient histories, while their more advanced permutation, electronic health records (EHR), detail patients’ entire health and medical histories.
While a background in healthcare may prove helpful in EMR careers, it’s not strictly necessary. EMR jobs consist of duties as various as data conversion, product development, information analytics, nursing informatics, staff instruction and training, technical writing, sales, IT support and design or implementation of information and computer systems.
The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects an 8% rate of growth in employment opportunities for medical records and health information technicians through 2029, a much higher rate of growth than the national average of 4% across all occupations.*
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The salary of EMR careers will vary based on a number of factors such as physical location, education, the type of healthcare facility and the exact scope of the job. As this is a field where duties and titles can vary greatly, so can the pay.
BLS reports an average annual wage of $ $44, 090 for medical records and health information technicians as of May 2020.* However, careers on the information technology and systems side are commonly more lucrative, according to the BLS. For instance, the BLS reports that computer and information systems managers earned a median annual wage of $151, 150, and database administrators earned an median annual wage of $98, 860, as of May 2020.*
In cases like this, personal research into the specific role and the local job market for the most accurate, up-to-date and complete information should be done. While national salary and employment data can offer valuable insight into market conditions, they do not necessarily correlate directly with local or regional data.
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EMR workers possess as broad a range of degrees, training, and professional experience as their various salaries indicate. Many are experienced healthcare providers with associate’s, bachelor’s, or advanced degrees in nursing or health informatics; many others hold bachelor’s or master’s degrees in information technology and work toward eventually becoming more senior-level roles such as: Chief Medical Information Officer.
Today’s medical or IT professionals interested in joining the ranks of EMR professionals may want to consider enrolling in one of the graduate level EMR-certificate courses or health informatics degree programs now available at colleges and universities across the country. The medical school at University of South Florida offers a master’s degree or graduate certificate in health informatics, which includes EMR training, in a 100% online environment.
Prospective students seeking EMR education should ensure that their programs of choice include coursework in leadership and communication skills; data entry and conversion; medical terminology and ethics; compliance monitoring; and IT/computer systems technology and applications. Interpersonal intelligence, patience and a solid understanding of the U.S. healthcare infrastructure should also prove useful in the years to come, as they enter the workforce and usher in higher standards of clinical care.
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*National long-term projections may not reflect local and/or short-term economic or job conditions and do not guarantee actual job growth. Information provided is not intended to represent a complete list of hiring companies or job titles, and degree program options do not guarantee career or salary outcomes. Students should conduct independent research on specific
